The Duke of York never governed the colony himself: he instead appointed governors, councils, and other officers to run the government. The northern and southern American colonies had plenty of differences, but one thing they all pretty much had in common was ancestry. What kind of soil did the middle colonies have and what was it good for? The goods imported include tobacco, sugar, and other tropical groceries. import and export goods. The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse British colonies in North America with settlers from England, Scotland, Ireland, the Netherlands, and German states. The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies enjoyed fertile soil and a slightly milder climate than New England’s. 2808 times. Landholdings were generally farms of 40 to 160 acres (16–65 hectares), owned by the family that worked it. Plus, many people were artisans or merchants with many skills. Colonial status ended for the new state with the United States Declaration of Independence in July 1776. The Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. Because the soil was rich in the Middle colonies, farmers were able to grow more grain than they could use. Pennsylvania Society of Governors (1916), 180-181. The Middle Colonies had much fertile soil, which allowed the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. The Middle Colonies were more agricultural than both the Southern Colonies and the New England Colonies. When James II was overthrown, the citizens of New York rebelled against the Royal Governor in Leisler's Rebellion. In April 1775, American patriots formed the New York Provincial Congress to replace the assembly. The partly unglaciated Middle Colonies enjoyed fertile soil vastly different from the nearby New England Colonies, which contained more rocky soil. Many Middle Colony constitutions guaranteed freedom of religion and forbade taxation without representation. This tolerance was very unusual and distinct from the situation in other British colonies. Unlike New England, the Middle Colonies had richer, less rocky soil, allowing the area to become a major exporter of wheat and other grains. As a consequence, early German settlements in the Americas concentrated in the Middle Colonies region. From the Americas, sugar, tobacco, and cotton were shipped to England. [21], Both William Penn and the Lords Baltimore encouraged Irish Protestant immigration, hoping they could obtain indentured servants to work on their estates and on colonial developments. The fertile soil of these colonies allowed them to grow crops, particularly grains. Due to the three large rivers in these colonies — the Susquehanna, the Delaware and Hudson — fur trading was also important to the economy. King Charles II renamed the land west of the Hudson River New Jersey and gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II of England) as a proprietary colony. [1] In October 1664, as a prelude to the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the English largely conquered this land from the Dutch. The Middle colonies, the middle region of the 13 colonies, were the states of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Virginia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, the Carolinas and Georgia were all founded by Englishmen, settled by people of English descent and remained under English control throughout the colonial period. These industries, along with the presence of deep river estuaries, led to the appearance of important ports like New York and Philadelphia. Upon visiting the colony in 1669 and 1701, Penn eventually agreed to allow their Charter of Privileges to be added to the constitution. The Penn family were Quakers, and the colony became a favorite destination for that group as well as German Lutherans, German Reformed and numerous small sects such as Mennonites, Amish and Moravian, not to mention Scotch Irish Presbyterians. It was the connector colonies that connected the New England Colonies with the Southern Colonies. Save. The Middle Colonies' chief export was grain, in addition to other crops such as corn, vegetables, fruit and livestock. Middle Colonies Corn and wheat and livestock including beef and pork. The Middle Colonies were the religiously diverse part of the British Empire, with a high degree of tolerance. Middle Colonies Way of Life. The Pennsylvania Assembly took this opportunity to request expanded power for elected officials, led by David Lloyd. Lumber and shipbuilding were both important industries in the Middle Colonies. [14] When Henry Sloughter became governor in March 1691, the rebellion was crushed and its leader, Jacob Leisler was arrested, tried, and executed for treason. [21] Often areas of the Middle Colonies displayed prevalent Irish cultural influence. Name three races that were popular in the Middle Colonies. Other industries included the production of iron ore, lumber, coal, textiles, furs and shipbuilding "The Middle Colonies in Recent American Historiography", Other British colonial entities in the contemporary, Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States, This page was last edited on 1 December 2020, at 05:31. With Swedish funding, the third governor of New Netherland later founded the colony of New Sweden in the region around Delaware Bay in 1638. Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the eighteenth century, though fewer worked in agriculture. keep in mind that they didn't have much, and they only imported the things they needed to survive. [20] However, there were numerous pockets of neutrals and Loyalists. By then, settlers were also arriving from countries other than England. See disclaimer. The colonies exported and imported mainly with Europe, particularly England. The Middle colonies were also a “middle region” between the North and South. LIFE IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES On the farms the boys helped grow and harvest crops. Other factories manufactured such consumer goods as paper products and textiles. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. The Middle Colonies were explored by Henry Hudson for the Dutch East India Company in 1609, sailing up the Hudson River to present-day Albany, New York, and along the Delaware Bay. The middle colonies were made up of 4 colonies : New York, New Jersey , Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Delaware was a colony founded by Peter Minuit in 1638 due the fact that it was a proprietary colony. Edit. In 1665, the Concession and Agreement was written in an effort to entice settlers to New Jersey. A constitution was drafted and passed on October 30, 1683, giving the colonists many rights, including the rights to no taxation without representation. New York and Philadelphia were the Middle Colonie’s biggest cities. [10] On July 2, 1776, New Jersey enacted the New Jersey State Constitution, soon after having empowered delegates to the Continental Congress, on June 21, to join in a declaration of independence. 00. [9] Finally, in 1738, King George II appointed a separate governor, Lewis Morris, to run New Jersey. Manufacturing was … When the English took direct control of the Middle Colonies around 1664, many Quakers from Rhode Island had already been pushed into the region by Puritans, while Episcopalian businessmen settled in Philadelphia and New York City. They were noted for tight-knit religious communities, mostly Lutheran but also including many smaller sects such as the Moravians, Mennonites and Amish[24], The Scotch-Irish began immigrating to the Middle Colonies in waves after 1717. [23], German immigrants favored the Middle Colonies. 300. dierksk. They were unusual, however, for their degree of religious toleration and their wide range of … The British got much of this area, now called the Mid-Atlantic, by capturing it from the Dutch. [13] In 1704, Dutch land given to Penn by the Duke of York was separated and once again became part of the Delaware Colony. [7] The first governor appointed in this way was Philip Carteret, who founded Elizabethtown. Because of their prime locations along the Eastern coast, the Middle colonies were important distribution centers for English merchants. The lumber and shipbuilding industries were also successful in the Middle Colonies because of the abundant forests, and Pennsylvania was moderately successful in the textile and iron industries. Then came the English Puritans and Quakers as well as German, Irish, and Scottish settlers. Growing unrest in the Middle Colonies eventually led the region to become the meeting place for the Continental Congress, and a center for revolution. The true mahogany, which grows in Jamaica, is at present almost all cut down. Before the American Revolution, America was made up of 13 colonies. [3] The Dutch recaptured the colony in July 1673 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, but gave it back to the English under the Treaty of Westminster in exchange for Suriname. New York's initial possession of parts of Maine ensured a close relationship with other New England colonies like Vermont and a continuing New England influence in the colony. Colonists were required to pay annual quit-rent taxes. [22], Ethnically, the Middle Colonies were more diverse than the other British colonial regions in North America and tended to be more socially tolerant. This could not be said of the middle colonies. [25] Other groups included the French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Swiss, and Scots Highlanders.[26]. The Southern colonies used their land for cash crops such as tobacco and rice. New York's charter and constitution were reinstated soon after. People in the middle colonies had varied lifestyles and participated in many different religions. 74% average accuracy. Bod, Wayne. The Middle Colonies became known as the "breadbasket" colonies because of their ability to grow crops used to make bread. 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